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Gene therapy

Accelerate gene therapy research with long-read HiFi sequencing

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HiFi sequencing advantages in gene therapy

 

How can HiFi sequencing help with your gene therapy research?

  • Rapidly accelerate the engineering and discovery of novel capsids with desired characteristics such as tissue specificity through full-length AAV genome or cap gene sequencing.
  • Monitor and improve AAV manufacturing by characterizing AAV vectors and their impurities with high accuracy.
    • Assess packaged impurity sequence profiles like identity, size distribution, and relative abundance.
    • Profile payload sequence length and integrity.
    • Characterize ITR rearrangements and integrity.
  • Confidently evaluate and optimize your AAV design.
    • Identify payload sequence truncation hotspots.
    • Verify whether a target construct or gene of interest is correctly expressed and spliced.
  • Explore potential risks by assessing host genome integration events.

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Advantages of highly accurate HiFi reads for verifying AAV constructs

PacBio’s AAV end-to-end workflow and flexible protocol allow scientists to comprehensively profile packaged genomes as individual intact molecules to identify potential contaminants that can affect the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of AAV vector gene therapy.

  • Discover novel potential capsid constructs
  • Conduct vector quality control experiments
  • Assess the safety of resulting constructs

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Sample datasets: Gene therapy vectors

Application Dataset Download literature Technology Sequencing system
AAV scAAV 8-plex – Vector Biolabs rh10-CBA-eGFP AAV sequencing with HiFi reads HiFi long read Sequel II system
AAV ssAAV – ViGene pAV-CMF-GFP AAV sequencing with HiFi reads HiFi long read Sequel II system
AAV ssAAV-scAAV 1:10 mixture AAV sequencing with HiFi reads HiFi long read Sequel II system
AAV ssAAV - Charles River - pAV-CMF-GFP AAV sequencing with HiFi reads HiFi long read Revio system

APPLICATION BROCHURE

Accelerate discovery and comprehensively assess AAV vector quality with HiFi reads

With Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing on the Sequel IIe and Revio systems, you can sequence AAV genome populations to identify truncation, mutation, and host integration events. The AAV workflow from PacBio® accommodates both scAAV and ssAAV constructs with easy on-instrument HiFi read generation and available bioinformatic tools.

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Common questions about gene therapy

Gene therapy is a method of treating genetic disease by adding, deleting, or correcting genetic material in the cells of the person with a disease with the goal of changing the course of disease.

Gene therapy by direct delivery is the process by which cells are extracted from the patient, modified with the therapeutic gene, and injected back into the patient. Alternatively, the delivery method can be cell-based where ex-vivo targeted cells are edited using CRISPR-Cas9 and then directly transferred back into the patient’s body.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a non-enveloped virus approximately 4.7 kb in size and can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells. AAV vectors are typically preferred due to low toxicity [2], dependence upon other viruses for replication [3], broad tropism and the ability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells.

1Berns, K. I., & Muzyczka, N. (2017). AAV: An Overview of Unanswered Questions. Human gene therapy, 28(4), 308–313.

2Meier AF, Fraefel C, Seyffert M. The Interplay between Adeno-Associated Virus and Its Helper Viruses. Viruses. 2020; 12(6):662.

High accuracy and complete visibility are critical to the success of novel vector discovery, vector design, and manufacturing quality control for gene therapy products. HiFi sequencing is the ideal solution due to its ability to sequence full-length AAV genomes at high accuracy.

With HiFi, you can

  • Sequence the entire AAV molecule to discover novel capsid constructs with the potential to improve tissue-specific delivery1
  • Identify structural variants, truncations, chimera, even human host material that can affect the safety and integrity of the therapeutic2

1Reference: Structural characterization of a novel human adeno-associated virus capsid with neurotropic properties (nature.com) NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2020) 11:3279 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17047-1 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications.

2Reference: Tai, P.W. et al. (2018) Adeno-associated virus genome population sequencing achieves full vector genome resolution and reveals human-vector chimeras. Molecular Therapy. 9:130–141.

Short reads, qPCR, and less accurate long-read technology can miss important changes that may be present in the AAV sequence, potentially affecting the safety and efficacy of gene therapy products. HiFi sequencing is the ideal solution due to its ability to sequence full length AAV genomes at high accuracy, which allows for detection of fragmentation, mutations, and large structural events.

Video

Highly accurate AAV sequencing with an end-to-end workflow

PacBio’s AAV end-to-end workflow and flexible protocol allow scientists to comprehensively profile packaged genomes as individual intact molecules to identify potential contaminants that can affect the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of AAV vector gene therapy.

Brochure

HiFi solutions for cell and gene therapy research

Explore how HiFi sequencing can be used to support your gene and cell therapy research

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Customer spotlight: NewBiologix

The NewBiologix poster from the ESGCT meeting in 2024 showcased their work on “an integrated platform for the analysis and quality control of rAAV vectors based on long-read sequencing”.

Highlights:

  • Newbiologix includes a second strand synthesis step in their library preparation protocol.
  • Two PacBio library preparation methods (thermal annealing and second strand synthesis using BST polymerase) are compared with Nanopore sequencing.
  • Compared to ONT, PacBio stands out with its ability to generate higher quality reads, higher detection rate of non-rAAV sequences, full-vector reads and high-fidelity mutation calling on the vector.

AAV capsid discovery and design - novel sequencing approaches

Irvin Garza (UTSW) talks about how he is using domain shuffling and long amplicon sequencing to create novel AAV capsids that have specificity for desired target tissues

Library preparation and HiFi sequencing applications for AAV

Edward Oakeley (Novartis) talks about how he improved on the PacBio AAV protocol with a natural complement formation/second strand synthesis step. A similar protocol can be found here

Optimizing and confirming AAV designs with PacBio sequencing

Elizabeth Tseng (PacBio) demonstrates how to generate and analyze full-length AAV sequencing data. Hear how industry leaders from Homology Medicines and AavantiBio discuss how, when, and where they use PacBio full-length AAV sequencing to improve their overall gene therapy research program.

Resources

Explore the AAV resource hub

PacBio and Form Bio have convened a group of leading experts to form an AAV working group dedicated to developing and promoting standardized nomenclature and reporting practices to foster consistency and reliability in AAV research and development. The resulting materials are available on a new AAV resource hub at aav.formbio.com and include an AAV data dictionary, open source tools, and more

Access AAV resources

PacBio Compatible Partner

Analyze your HiFi AAV sequencing data quickly and easily

Form Bio, the provider of advanced computational life sciences technology, has joined the PacBio Compatible program. We collaborated with Form Bio on an AAV data dictionary defining the most commonly used terms.

See a sample AAV report

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Selected publications

Publication title Description

Suggested standardized AAV nomenclature and open-source software tools for Long-read AAV Analysis (LAAVA) [pre-print]

Characterization of AAV vector integration reveals integrated concatemers and complex rearrangements that may not be detectable with short-read sequencing

Engineering of novel AAV capsids with desired properties such as improved tissue specificity to the central nervous system

Improved AAV protocol including a second strand synthesis step by Homology Medicines [pre-print]

White paper published by Dark Horse Consulting group that recommends using long-read sequencing for rAAV characterization

Characterization of AAV host integration using human hepatocytes in mouse models

Validation of AAV production systems (HEK293 v Sf9) shows system-specific issues via AAV sequencing

Design confirmation of AAV vectors carrying CRISPR-Cas9 shows dual sgRNA leads to truncation

Discovery of novel AAV vectors in clinical tissue using PacBio amplicon sequencing

FEATURED LONG-READ SEQUENCING SYSTEMS

PacBio long-read sequencers unlock the tools needed for novel gene therapy approaches.

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